Since 2007, Belfast city council has invested a great amount of government funds, on the city’s water supplying system. Council plans focus highly in the area around Lagan river, where NIEA (North Ireland Environmental Agency), working on the simultaneously, is trying to find a way to use the river water flow and develop a scheme to create sustainable energy.  The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD)57 and Bathing Water Directive (BWD) are two of a number of Directives that determine wastewater treatment standard, set by the European Union.

As per Figure 5.6 (people’s votes), the majority of the households have as major concern the quality of the tap water and then limiting the number of interruptions at home, which creates a number of challenges, for the future improvements decisions.  The Smart Grid, is a power distribution system which evolves from a centralized system to a decentralized system. Consumers can become power generators with renewable energy sources and their consumption decisions or generation have a direct impact on the whole system. That’s why the key of the smart grids is the two-way communication between consumers and power generators, allowing to the system to constantly adapt energy delivery to the real needs of consumers at the best price.